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Features
Of NOVELL NETWARE
Developed by Ray Noarda.
*
It is 16 bit O/S.
*
Min processor requirement is 80286.
*
Designed around IPX protocol.
*
Built in TCP/IP.
*
It supports System Fault Tolerance.
*
It supports N/w Loadable Module.
Steps :
1)
Reboot the system from A drive with the DOS version
compatible
with Netware(DOS
Version 3.0).
2)
Create partition for Netware with FDISK.
A:\> FDISK
With this following options are available
to user :
i) Create partition
ii)
Change Active partition
iii) Delete partition
iv) Partition information
Select (i) from
menu. When it is selected it will ask for size of partition.
Assign minimum 3Mb.
Then select (ii) option
3)
Insert Netware Installation disk 1 in Drive A & type
A:\> SERVER
With this it will ask for name of Server
& IPX No. Type name of Server. It
should consist of 8
characters where 8th char must be hyphen. Then type
IPX no. It should
be alphanumeric. Max length is 8 digits.
4)
When IPX No is assigned to Server it will automatically configure whole
Network nothing but addresses assigned to
the w/ss connected to the
Server in specific
order.
5)
Insert disk 2 & type
A:\>
ISA/EISA/PCI
Depending on NIC mounted on specific slot.
It will ask for I/O memory
based address. For
this 2 options are given; configure & default. Select
default option, as
user is not aware of address, which is in hex form.
6)
Insert disk 3 in drive A with which installation menu will appear on screen.
MENU
-------------------
Disk Option
Volume Option
System Option
Product Option
-------------------
Cancel Exit
------ ----
Disk option is used for loading
Netware core files on Netware partition.
Volume option is used to create
volume for Netware.
System option
used for overall configuration of system.
Product option is for special
component of system.
7)
When disk option is selected it gives :
i) Partition Information Table
ii)
Disk Mirroring
iii) Surface Test
iv) Disk Duplexing
v) Format
Select first option. Partition info table
consist of following :
i) Hot Fix
ii) Netware Active Partition
iii) Delete Partition
iv) Exit
Select each option one by one.
First option gives Hot Fix area Netware.
Second option will make 3Mb partition as
Active Partition for Netware
where all Netware
core files will be stored.
Third option will delete other active
partition available on disk &
installation menu
appear on screen with last option & Exit
8)
Prompt appear on screen type A:\>DOWN & reboot system. With this
Server goes down & system reboot
through F Drive (It is logical for n/w by
default).
Non-Dedicated w/s :
It
is w/s same as stand-alone machine. This w/s consist of its own HDD & it is
partially depend on Server
Procedure :
1)
Reboot the system from A drive. Min
DOS version must be compatible with Netware with this command.com is loaded by
w/s.
2)
Insert w/s installation disk in drive & type A:\> IPX.COM. When IPX is loaded it will configure
address for the w/s.
3)
Type A:\>NETX.COM with which latest version of Netware
is loaded by w/s with the server if version at Netware w/s matches with the
server it displays F prompt.
Dedicated Workstation
:
These are diskless w/s, which are totally dependant
on server for booting process.
Procedure :
1)
Insert Boot ROM Chip into the NIC of w/s.
2)
Switch on w/s with this NET$DOS.SYS file gets executed from
w/s. It also called as Netware Shell. It acts as interface between DOS &
Netware. Nothing but it intersects DOS with Netware. Whenever commands are
related with DOS then these commands are executed from w/s & if commands
are related with Netware, it executed under Netware Environment. This file is
basically used to distinguish between DOS & Netware e.g. Setpass executed from w/s & Attached directed to the
Server.
Netware
Printer Installation
Procedure :
1)
Log in as N/w Administrator.
2)
Select PCONSOLE utility from options & run it. It gives
following options : Change Current
Server
Print Queue Information
Print Server Information
3)
Select second option with this following information is
available to
user i.e. Queue ID, Queue Operator, Queue Status. Assign
Queue to
printer ascending/descending depending upon Queue ID.
4)
Select third option. It gives following to user : Name of
File Server to
which printer is connected. Selection of
printer (Dot Matrix / Line).
Information about print queue or spooling (Spooling is the process
of
assigning priorities to the jobs). Name of
printer manufacturer.
5) Exit from PCONSOLE.
6) Type LOAD PRINTSERVER at F prompt.
Netware Commands (Server Based)
1)
BIND : TO LINK NIC WITH PROTOCOL
BIND 10BASE2 IPX
IPX :- INTRANET PACKET
EXCHANGE
2)
BROADCAST : USED BY ADMIN TO SENDS MESSAGES TO
THE
USER
BROADCAST ["SHUTDOWN"]
3)
MOUNT : TO MAKE VOLUMES AVAILABLE TO USER
"
<SERVER NAME/ VOLUME NAME>
4)
DISAMOUNT : TO MAKE VOLUMES UNAVAILABLE TO USER
5)
GRANT : UTILITY TO ADMIN TO GRANT PERMISSIONS
"
[RIGHTS] [FOR/IN DIR NAME] TO [GROUP]
6)
REVOKE : REVOKE [R W] [FOR ORACLE] FROM [SAMEER]
7)
TLIST : LIST OF TRUSTEE RIGHTS
DIR | RIGTHS | GROUPNAME
8)
SET : SET N/W PARAMETERS; ADMIN TO CHECK H/W
9)
MONITER : TO MONITER N/W OPERATIONS
Netware Commands (Workstation Based)
1)
Login : Access to the specific user
Syntax :
LOGIN Sever name/Username
2)
LOGOUT : Exit from the Server.
Syntax :
LOGOUT
3)
SETPASS : To change the Passsword.
Syntax :
SETPASS Oldpassword/Newpassword.
4)
CHKVOL : To check the volume or Diskspace
(Free space available to the
user in bytes).
Syntax :
CHKVOL Servername/volumename no.
5)
NCOPY : Copy data from 1 logical drive to another
logical drive.
Syntax :
NCOPY <*.*> <Source path> <Destination Path>
6)
NPRINT : To print the files from n/w printer,
redirecting the files from
local to n/w printer.
Syntax :
NPRINT <Filename>
7)
RENDIR : Rename of directory
Syntax :
RENDIR <Dirname>
8)
PURGE : To delete the files from n/w dir.
Syntax :
PURGE <filename.ext>
9)
SALVAGE : Recover the File, which was deleted from
purge.
Syntax :
SALVAGE <Filename>
10)
PSTAT : To check status of printer (n/w printer).
Syntax :
PSTAT
11)
QUEUE : To assign queue to the printer.
Syntax :
QUEUE
12)
SPOOLER : Assigning the priorities to the printer.
Syntax :
SPOOLER <prioritywise>
13)
RPRINTER : Selection of n/w printer. Printing jobs of another printer.
Syntax :
RPRINTER <Address of n/w printer>
14)
RCONSOLE : Remote console, display.
Syntax :
RCONSOLE
15)
SEND : To send the message from 1 user to another.
Syntax :
SEND ["Messsage"]
UserID
16)
FLAG : Assign file access permissions to the specific
file(User related
Flags)
R : Open/Read
W : Write
C : Create
E : Erase
M :
Modify
F : File scan
A : Access
constant
Syntax :
FLAG Filename [+/- flag]
17)
FLAGDIR : To assign Dir with attributes.
H : Hidden
N :
P : Printer
S : system
Syntax :
FLAGDIR Dirname
[flag]
18)
LISTDIR : Dir alongwith sub-dir
information ,max right mask.
Syntax :
LISTDIR
19)
USERLIST : User information about current user logged
on the n/w.
No of user | Connection No
Syntax :
USERLIST
20)
SLIST : List of Servers
Syntax :
SLIST
IPX
Protocol
Features :
1)
Easy to install.
2)
It can configure its own address.
3)
Addresses are assigned in alphanumeric Form.
4)
Active protocol among all types of protocols.
IPX Reference Model :
Layers Protocols
--------
-----------
Application SAP(Sys
advt
protocol)/ FTP (File Server)
Transport NCP(n/w
core protocol)/ SPX
Network IPX
Datalink
IEEE 802.3/802.4/802.5
Physical Ethernet / Archnet / Token Ring
Difference :
NCP
SPX
------
-----------
Connection
oriented Connection
less
Slower
Faster
More
Reliable
Less Reliable
Data
in form of text Audio, picture
Physical Layer : It is related to the selection of
n/w (LAN) depending on components of n/w. It selects Ethernet/Arch net/Token
Ring for installation.
Datalink Layer : Depending on the type of
NIC selected at Physical Layer. Datalink selects IEEE
frame format i.e. for Ethernet it selects IEEE 802.3.
Datalink Layer combines with Physical Layer in order to form
Host to n/w layer
Network Layer : It is based on only IPX Protocol.
Transport Layer : Like TCP/IP this layer is based on
2 end to end Protocols NCP & SPX.
Application Layer : It is related to the end users such
as SAP users & File Server Users. SAP users selects SPX for data trans because it is mainly
used for multimedia applications. File Server users selects
NCP for data trans as it is related to File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
IPX
Frame Format / IPX Packet Format
1 |
2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
6 | 7
2 2 1 1 12 12 55
1 : Checksum
2 : Length of Packet
3 : Packet Control
4 : Packet Type
5 : Destination Address
6 : Source Address
7 : Data Field
1)
Checksum : It is 2 bytes long & it is many
times ignored by IPX.
2)
Length of Packet : It is 2 bytes long, which gives idea about no. of bytes
available in a particular Packet.
3)
Packet Control : It is 1 byte long & gives idea about no. of n/w that are traveled by Packet.
4)
Packet Type
: This field is used to distinguish between Control Packet & Data
Packet. If first bit of Packet is 0 then it represents Control Packet & if
it is 1 then it represents Data Packet. Control Packets are generated for
maintenance of n/w.
5)
Destination Address : It is 12 Bytes long. Out of 96 bits first 32 bytes are n/w
no, next 48 Bits represents Machine No. & last 16 bits represents Port /
6)
Source Address : It is also 12 Bytes long as Destination Address.
7)
Data Field
: It can store unlimited data bytes for actual transmission.
MODEM
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It is Modulator Demodulator Circuit.
Types
Of Modem :
In
Built
Connected Externally
Less
expensive
More Expensive
Not
Portable
Portable
Slower
Faster
More
Maintenance
Less Maintenance
MODEM (Discuss signal transmission method)
It
is used for long distance transmission. It is a connectivity device, which
support connectivity with the Internet.
Modulation :- It is a process with which original signal is
transmitted over a carrier wave with the
fixed amplitude or frequency. Carrier wave is a signal, which is used for trans of audio or video. Mainly these signals are trans over telephone lines. Two basic operations are
performed by the Modem :
1)
Conversion of data from digital to analog form
2)
Conversion of data from analog to digital form
Modulation
is classified into :
1)
Amplitude : In this technique,
amplitude of the carrier wave is constant from source to destination to avoid
attenuation of a signal. Amplitude is voltage between 2 consecutive peaks.
It is peak-to-peak voltage.
2)
Frequency : In this, frequency of
the carrier wave is constant from source to destination in order to maintain
speed of trans. It is no of cycles per second. It is calculated in terms of
wavelength (lamda). Wavelength is the distance
between 2 consecutive peaks. Frequency & wavelength are inversely promotional to wavelength.
3)
Phase modulation : In this technique amplitude as well as frequency of carrier
wave is constant from source to destination. Phase Modulation is also called as
Shift Key.
Components Of Modem :
1)
PC Interface
: It is interface between PC & Modulator circuit, which connects PC
& modem together. It trans signals from PC to
Modem & vice versa. It also performs conversion of data from analog to digital
& vice versa.
2)
Modulator Demodulator Circuit : It performs modulation of signals.
Mainly it is based on frequency modulation in order to achieve max trans rate.
3)
Line Interface : It is interface between modulation circuit & telephone
line. It connects telephone with modem with the help of twisted pair cables. It
transmits modulated signals over telephone lines.
Network
Loadable Modules [NLM]
These
are the programs which are used to improve performance of the n/w. These
modules are loaded at the time of installation of Netware O/S. NLM are
classified into following :
1)
LAN Driver : It is NIC &
related proxy for installation of NIC. It makes communication between w/s &
other peripherals available on the n/w. e.g. Ethernet, Arch net, Token Ring
2)
Disk Driver : It controls
communication between HDD (File Server or Database Server) & other
peripherals of the n/w.
3)
Management Utilities & System Application Program : Utilities are the program which are executed
whenever particular Netware Command is not applicable. These utilities are Syscon, Session, Filler, Pconsole.
4)
Name Spacing Module : These are the
program which allow the user to assign different names for files & folders
under Non-DOS environment.
5)
Netware Command Files : These are 2
Netware commands files which play an important role during execution of
Netware. These files are autoexec.ncf & startup.ncf. Autoexec.ncf is used
for configuration of the n/w. Startup.ncf is used for
checking connectivity with the IPX. These files are used as batch files i.e.
autoexec is executes first & then startup.
NETWORK DIRECTORY STRUCTURE
SYSTEM
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SYSTEM
Public Login Email ETC Deleted/Saved
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------ ----- ----- --- -------------
Sys files
Utilities Log files Message Overall Re-Cycle Bin
diagnostic | & user files in the form configuration All Del FIles
Program Syscon
of text files of n/w &
Session
components
Filler
of n/w
PConsole
FConsole
Monitor
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Server types
* File
* Print
* Application
* Message
* DataBase
* Proxy
System
Fault Tolerance
Level
I :
i)
Directory Duplicate structure
ii)
Read After Write Verification
iii)
Hot Fix
Level
II :
i)
Transaction Tracking System
ii)
Disk Mirroring
iii)
Disk Duplexing
Level
III :
i)
Server Link Model
SFT
features of Netware :
SFT
is a basic feature of Netware with which if one component of the n/w goes bad,
then Netware replaces the same component without disturbing normal operation.
It is classified into 3 levels.
Level I : This level id further divided into
:
1)
Directory Duplicating Structure :
This fault is related with the track of the disk drive. Care is taken by
Netware at the time of storing the file on the respective track i.e. at the
time of storing, the same file is copied on the another
sector of the disk in compressed form & this information available in
FAT. While retrieving the file from the
original track is corrupted then the same file is retrieved from the other
plotter of the disk where it was stored in compressed form.
2)
Read After Write Verification :
Netware performs read operations for each write operation by default. It is for
confirmation at the file whether it is completely stored or not.
3)
Hot Fix : It is the area available
on the disk which is not directly accessible to the user. This area created at
the time of installation of Netware & is of 25% of the total disk capacity.
At the time of storing the file , if related track
goes bad, then the file is diverted to the Hot Fix area & the same file is
retrieved from it.
Level II :
1)
transaction Tracking System [TTS] :
It is mainly related to the loading of files from the DataBase.
While loading , if power failure occurs then the some
files are loaded on the disk & other files are not stored from the
Database. When TTS is applicable, either all files are loaded on the disk with
the UPS back up or not a single is loaded from the Database without TTS
2)
Disk Mirroring : In this 2 HD are
connected to the single IDE in Master or Slave fashion i.e. terminator of the
flat cable is connected to the Master HDD & second connector of the flat
cable is connected to the Slave HDD. For this connectivity, it needs jumper
setting i.e. Pin No 1 & 2 is connected with the jumper for the Master drive
and plug 3 & 4 is
connected for the Slave drive. Suppose Master drive goes down, then control
will be governed by Slave drive which stored mirror image of all the files from
Master drive.
3)
Disk Duplixing : For duplexing 2 separate IDE
connectors are used which are linked with 2HDD in PNP fashion i.e. IDE1 is
connected to HDD1 & 2 is connected to Second HDD. Out of these 2
controllers, if 1 goes bad then the data is retrieved from other HDD as another
controller which taken charge of the controller which goes bad. For PNP
connectivity extra h/w setup is not required.
4)
UPS Monitoring : UPS back up play
important role during TTS i.e. while loading the files from the Database. If
power goes off then the supply is given with the UPS in order to load, removing
files from the Database.
Level
III : It is related to the failure of a Server. For this minimum 2 Servers are linked for a n/w. If 1 Server goes down,
then the second Server takes control over the n/w without disturbing normal
operations of the n/w.
Filler
is used to view info about the dir & files.
Following
options are available with it :
1)
Current Directory information : It gives info about
current dir i.e. home dir
to the user. Following info is avilable :
i)
Name of Dir
ii) Date of creation
iii) Name of the Owner
iv) Size of the Dir
v) Attributes
vi) Effective
Rights
vii) Date of Archieving
2)
Change Current Dir : User can view info about
different with this option.
It
also gives following permissions to the user to perform file operations
such as :
i) File copy
ii)File delete
For
this first of all file is selected from the dir. File related info is given
to the user by seletcting the perticular file.From the window
select file operation
E.g.
In case of file copy; from operation select copy the window, with which it
will ask for destination path, where the file is to be copied,
type the path in the window
&
press enter. With which file copy operation is preformed.
3)
File : This option is used for confirmation of files
related oeration performed
in the previous option.Under this following info is avilable
:
i) Confirmation of file copy operation[Yes/No]
ii)
" " "
deletion operation [Yes/No]
iii)------- "
-------- overwritting [Yes/No]
Set
dir attributes :
H,S,N,P
Set
effectice rights :
R,W,M,C,A,F etc.
Volume
information : Show info about the volume related to
the current dir.
i) Name of Volume
ii) Size " "
[in Kb]
iii)Free space
available on the volume
iv) No. of directories shown on the volume
Network
Drives
These
are classified into 3 types :
1)
Physical Drive : These are physically present on n/w i.e.
HDD, FDD, CD
2)
3)
Search Drives : These are
represented in the reverse manner of logical drives i.e. Z to K. Z = Z1, Y =
Z2, X = Z3 …… & so on (upto Z16). These drives
are used for locating particular directory or which is store or logical drive.
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